Pdf a model of aphtpb composite propellant combustion in. A separate ignitor complicates the design and operation 18. Professional solid propellants are those used in commercial and military rocket motors. Item 4 propellants federation of american scientists. Bimodal ap size and aluminum size distributions are considered in. As the ap content decreased, the burning rate decreased and the propellants containing less than a certain ap.
Needless to say there are countless variations and formulas, each tailored to the specific needs of the application. A limit in dispersion with powder additives was seen to cause. Infrared imaging of aphtpb laminate propellant flames. Several metalized solid rocket propellants, of the broad family aphtpbmetal in the ratio 681418, were experimentally analyzed seeking to optimize the delivered specific impulse by identifying. Ammonium perchlorate and ammonium perchlorate scielo. Htpbalap propellants have been used in many tactical rocket weapons. Ammonium perchlorate apbased composite propellants have been a. Htpb is the most common prepolymer binder material. Composite propellants, based on ammonium perchlorate ap without aluminum, generate. Ammonium perchlorate composite propellant apcp is a modern fuel used in solidpropellant rocket vehicles. Doublebase propellants made by the extrusion or powder casting techniques are used in antitank rockets or missiles and in some tactical missiles. Nowadays, nearly all are apbased composite propellants utilizng htpb or pban as binder.
Ageing behaviour of htpb based rocket propellant formulations 153 the propellants are highlyfilled with particles of oxidizer ap and fuel al, so the binder must have a sufficiently low viscosity in order to wet the particles, to achieve a homogeneous mix, and to be fluid enough to fill moulds completely. Pdf this article we mainly discuss about aphtpb composite solid propellants. Existing propellant burning rate datasets include these variations, but they have significant holes in. We made aphtpb composite propellants, burnt and observed these. The fourier analysis of the pressure signal reveals that one dominant frequency of 172 hz is established within the tube, which corresponds to the first axial harmonic in a duct of mm in length.
Good agreement was achieved with the experimental observations in terms of the protrusion recession of oxidizer and binder, an important feature of the burning surface topography. It reacts with isocyanates to form polyurethane polymers htpb is a translucent liquid with a color similar to wax paper and a viscosity similar to corn syrup. Little is known about critical diameters and explosive potentials for htpb propellants containing 86 to 90% of combined aluminum and ammonium perchlorate solids. Results showed that the thermal decomposition process of the propellant consisted of three stages. Ammonium perchlorate composite propellant wikipedia. Table 1 shows key missiles and rocket boosters studied. Thermal decomposition and combustion characteristics of al.
A model of aphtpb composite propellant combustion in. Burning characteristics and thermochemical behavior of aphtpb. The combustion process starts with the thermal decomposition of ap which generates gases at the propellant surface and the process is self sustained 10, 11. Combustion of ap monopropellant, htpb and aphtpb is discussed in detail. Aluminum particle size influence on ignition and combustion of ap. Of particular interest in this study are aphtpb propellants composed of very stiff ammonium perchlorate ap particles embedded in a soft elastomeric hydroxylterminatedpolybutadiene htpb binder fig. Thermal decomposition of aphtpb propellants in presence. A comprehensive theoreticalnumerical model for treating aphtpb compositepropellant combustion in a rocketmotor environment is presented. Burning characteristics and thermochemical behavior of ap.
Combustion study of solid propellants containing various contents of mpcs have been investigated and an effort has been made to obtain detailed. Despite the widespread use and long investigative history of ammonium perchlorateapfuel mixtures, it still can be said that ap alone and aphtpb hydroxylterminatedpolybutadiene composites remain among the most confounding materials in the research setting 1. Catalytic nanoparticle additives in the combustion of ap. Since the physical structure of composite propellants like the aphtpb. For comparison, traditional csrp containing ammonium perchlorate ap bonded by hydroxylterminated polybutadiene htpb binder system was studied. Some propellants, such as htpbap, are not sufficiently sensitive to be used in microthrusters. Using the data of the vega users manual and the data given by avio, a set of data. Classification, components, properties, burning rate and ignition behavior of propellants are mentioned here. In a steadily regressing solid propellant, stresses and temperatures suf. The burning rate formula of the propellant under 50200mpa is obtained by fitting to the experimental results. Kakumanu et al combustion study of composite solid propellants containing metal phthalocyanines composite solid propellants. Catalytic nanoparticle additives in the combustion of aphtpb composite solid propellant. The burning rate of the aphtpb composite propellant depends on the ap content.
In order to understand the burning rate of aphtpb propellant of the base bleed unit, the pt curves of combustion of aphtpb base bleed propellant are measured in the closed bomb. The processes in the two phases are coupled at the surface to. The high explosives hmx and rdx may be used as an adjunct to ap in order to increase propellant performance. Because composite propellants were mixed inhomogeneously, the burning rate and agglomeration of al particles diameter somewhat varied. In the calculations, two phase flow losses were taken in to account, which is required for propellants containing large amounts of aluminum. Comprehensive study of ap particle size and loading effects on. Apcp is cast into shape, as opposed to powder pressing as with black powder. Nitromethane, hydrazine, aqueous han hydroxylammoniumnitrate bipropellants multicomponent examples. Thermal decomposition kinetics of aged solid propellant. Pressuretime study of slow burning rate aphtpb based. The free radical grade htpb is widely used in composite pu propellants because of its low cost and wide availability. The burning rate decreases as the ap content decreases, and propellants.
In the future all solid propellant space boosters may use htpb propellants. Combustion study of composite solid propellants containing. It differs from many traditional solid rocket propellants such as black powder or zincsulfur, not only in chemical composition and overall performance, but also by the nature of how it is processed. The formulation takes into account the conservation equations in both the gas and condensed phases, and accommodates finiterate chemical kinetics and variable thermophysical properties. Their main advantage is that they produce a minimum amount of smoke only from a small amount of additives. An improved model for the combustion of ap composite.
Performance of advanced composite solid rocket propellants based. Pdf a comprehensive theoreticalnumerical model for treating aphtpb compositepropellant combustion in a rocketmotor environment is. The mass fraction may be defined as the ratio of the propellant solid propellants solid propellants are mono and form single systems in which the oxidizer and fuel components are combined in a single mixture with a liquid material which holds them in suspension. Ammonium perchlorate aphydroxylterminated polybutadiene htpb laminate propellants represent a simplified, twodimensional representation of realworld composite propellant and can be utilized to study fundamental combustion phenomena, especially at the oxidizerbinder interface. Study on measurement and simplified model of burning rate. The burning characteristics and thermal decomposition behavior of aphtpb composite propellant using coarse and fine ap particles with and without fe 2 o 3 at various ap contents were investigated to obtain an exhaustive set of data. Agglomeration characteristics of aluminum particles in. Hydroxylterminated polybutadiene htpb is an oligomer of butadiene terminated at each end with a hydroxyl functional group. Optical properties of rdx, hmx, ap, htpbipdi and a catalyzed ncng propellant n5 were obtained from 2. American institute of aeronautics and astronautics 12700 sunrise valley drive, suite 200 reston, va 201915807 703. This thesis studies the interaction between additive dispersion and the dispersion of reactions created by using fine ap in multimodal propellants. Htpblox solid homogeneous examples nc single base, ncng double base, ncngrdx triple base composite examples aphtpb, aphtpbal, rdxhtpbapal 18.
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